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Ken Ho, Anne Nelson
Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney,
Australia
www.garvan.org.au media release 2007-06-27.2213613206
The purpose of this eight week long study was to evaluate the effects of human
growth hormone taken alone and in combination with testosterone on athletic
performance. HGH is widely abused by athletes, often in combination with
testosterone, as they believe it enhances performance.
The study
participants included 97 healthy young recreational athletes, with an average
age of 28. The males were randomly assigned to receive growth hormone,
testosterone, a combination of GH and testosterone or a placebo. Women received
either growth hormone or a placebo.
The participants, who were given GH,
received a high dose, up to four times the levels of growth hormone that the
body produces naturally. During the study, aspects of performance such as
strength, power, endurance and sprint capacity were measured. Neither the
participants nor study assessors knew who was receiving which substance.
Those participants that received GH alone showed no evidence of improved
performance. Although GH increased body mass, the effect was believed to be
largely due to fluid retention, not to increased muscle mass. Participants who
took a combination of GH and testosterone, showed an increase in muscle mass and
one particular aspect of performance, sprint power. When participants were
interviewed after completing the 8 weeks, more than half of those receiving
placebos were convinced that they had been taking the active drugs and had
experienced beneficial effects.
A follow-up study in 2008 tested whether the power of the mind
affects physical performance. Sixty-four young adult recreational athletes
randomly received either growth hormone or a placebo for 8 weeks. Neither
the participants nor the investigators knew which substance the athletes
received. Participants were evaluated at baseline and at the end of the
study on physical performance tests of endurance, strength, power, and
sprint capacity.
On completion of the study, participants were asked to guess whether
they had received GH or a placebo. Participants who took the placebo but
believed they were on growth hormone, thought their performance improved,
actually showed some improvement in all measures of performance and had
significant improvement in power (measured by jump height). This placebo
effect was far greater in men than women. The researchers concluded that the
placebo effect may be responsible, at least in part, for the perceived
athletic benefit of doping with growth hormone. (The Endocrine Society
"Athletic Benefit Of Growth Hormone Doping: Is It All In The Athlete's
Mind?" ScienceDaily 18 June 2008)
