Growth Hormone Treatment Prevents Loss of Lean Mass after Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Patients: Results of a Pilot, Open, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study

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Silvia Savastano, Carolina Di Somma, Luigi Angrisani, Francesco Orio, Salvatore Longobardi, Gaetano Lombardi, and Annamaria Colao

J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 94: 817-826; published online before print as doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1476

The purpose of this open, prospective, randomized, and controlled study was to investigate if growth hormone (GH) treatment prevents lean body mass (LBM) loss in the early postoperative period after bariatric surgery. Patients are at risk of losing needed lean body mass and skeletal muscle mass after bariatric surgery due to the serious complications associated with rapid and sustained weight loss. The loss of lean body mass negatively influences the outcome of the surgery. Impaired GH secretion is frequent in obese patients.

The six month study included 24 women who underwent laparoscopic-adjustable silicone gastric banding surgery and were diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency after the procedure. The participants were randomized into two groups. Both groups participated in a standardized diet and exercise program, and one group also received recombinant human growth hormone (approximately 0.5 mg/ day).

Weight loss did not differ between groups after 3 and 6 months. At 3 months, LBM loss was lower and fat mass (FM) loss was higher in group receiving GH treatment. At 3 and 6 months, appendicular skeletal muscle mass loss was lower and percent changes of FM and lean body mass were significantly higher in the GH treated women. In both groups fasting glucose insulin levels were significantly reduced. Insulin sensitivity indexes and total to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio improved only in the group receiving GH treatment.

The study concluded that growth hormone treatment for 6 months after laparoscopic-adjustable silicone gastric banding surgery reduces loss in lean body mass and appendicular skeletal muscle mass during a standardized program of low-calorie diet and physical exercise program, with improvement of lipid profile and without a deterioration of glucose tolerance.



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