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Rudman, D, Feller, AG, Nagraj, HS, Gergans, GA, Lalitha, PY, Goldberg, AF,
Schlenker, RA, Cohn, L, Rudman, IW, Mattson, DE
N Engl J Med 1990 323:
1-6
Although this study was published nearly 20 years ago, it continues
to be the subject of a great deal of hype and controversy. It is frequently
cited, by anti-aging practitioners and websites selling HGH products, as
scientific proof of the efficacy of growth hormone as an anti-aging remedy. The
New England Journal of Medicine has posted the full text of the study with a
disclaimer and an editorial, addressing the misinterpretation of the results and
limitations of the study.
The purpose of the study was to test the
hypothesis that the decline of growth hormone–insulin-like growth factor I
(IGF-I mediates the action of growth hormone, and its concentration reflects the
circulating concentration of GH) as we age, may contribute to the decrease in
lean body mass and the increase in mass of adipose tissue that occur with aging.
Study participants included 21 healthy men, aged 61 to 81 years, who had low
serum concentrations of IGF-1 (less than 350 U per liter). The 6 month treatment
period was preceded by a 6 month period during which baseline measurements were
determined. Only 12 men were actually treated with HGH, the other 9 were a
control group. Those treated with HGH received approximately 0.03 mg of HGH per
kilogram of body weight by subcutaneous injection three times a week (this dose
is about twice as high as the dose used to treat adult men with HGH deficiency).
At the end of the baseline and treatment periods, lean body mass, adipose tissue
mass, skin thickness and bone density was measured.
During the treatment
phase, the plasma IGF-I concentrations rose to 500 to 1500 U per liter in the
group receiving HGH and remained below 350 U per liter in the control group. An
IGF-1 level of 500 to 1500 U per liter is normal in healthy men 20 to 40 years
old. There were significant increases in lean body mass, systolic blood pressure
and fasting glucose concentrations; decreases in fat mass; as well as some
increase in skin thickness and lumbar vertebral bone mass, in those treated with
HGH. No adverse effects were reported. There were no changes in the measurements
for the control group.
The study concluded that the decrease in lean
body mass and the increase in mass of adipose tissue that occur with aging was
due, in part, to the decline in growth hormone which could be treated by the
administration of HGH.
